C Language

C Language



Introduction

Definition -

What does C (C) Programming Language Mean?

C is a high-level and multi-purpose programming language that is very suitable for developing portable firmware or applications. Originally intended to write system software, Dennis Ritchie C was developed by Bell Labs for Unix operating systems in the early 1970s. Among the most frequently used languages, C is a compiler of most computer systems and has influenced many popular languages   - especially C ++.

MANteck C Programming Language (C) Explains :

C deals with structured, procedural paradigms of languages. It is proven, flexible and powerful and can be used for various applications. Although high-level, C and assembly languages   share many of the same characteristics.

Some important features of C include:
  • Fixed number of keywords, including a set of control primitives, such as, if, while, switch and do.
  • while Several logical and mathematical operators including bit manipulators
  • Several functions can be implemented in a statement.
  • Function return values   are not always required and can be ignored if ignored.
  • Typing is constant. All data have types, but they can reportedly be transformed.
  • The basic form of modularity, as files can be separately compiled and linked.
  • Control of function and object visibility to other files via external and static attributes.

C character sets :

  1. Alphabets:- A,B,C,……,Y,Z a, b , c,…..,y, z

  2. Digits:- 0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

  3. Special symbol:- ~!@#$%^&*()_ -+ ={} >, .? / |\ [] : ; “ ‘ <


Keyword :

  • Keywords are words whose meanings have already been mentioned in compiler C.

  • Keyword cannot be used as variables.

  • There are only 32 keywords in C.
Types of Operator :

  • Arithmetic operator

  • Relational operator

  • Logical operator

  • Assignment operator

  • Increment and decrement operator

  • Conditional operator

  • Bitwise operator

Arithmetic Operator :

Operator               Meaning

  +                          addition

  -                          subtraction

  *                          Multiplication

  /                          Division

  %                         Modulo division


Relational Operator :

Operator               Meaning

  <                          less than

  >                          greater than

  <=                        less than or equal to

  >=                        greater than or equal to

  ==                        equal to

  !=                        not equal to


Logical Operator :

Operator                   Meaning

  &&                        logical AND

   ||                        logical OR

   !                          logical NOT


Bitwise Operator :

Operator               Meaning

  &                              bitwise AND

  |                                 bitwise OR

  ^                               bitwise EXOR

  <<                            shift left

  >>  `                         shift right

  ~                               bitwise complement


Increment/Decrement Operator :

Operator               Meaning

  ++                        increment

  --                         decrement


Data Types :


Data type

Range

Bytes

Format

Signed char

-128 to +127

1

%c

Unsigned char

0 to 255

1

%c

Short signed int

-32768 to +32767

2

%d

Short unsigned int

0 to 65535

2

%u

Signed int

-32768 to +32767

2

%d

Unsigned int

0 to 65535

2

%u

Long signed int

-2147483648 to +2147483647

4

%ld

Long unsigned int

0 to 4294967295

4

%lu

Float

-3.4e38 to +3.4e38

4

%f

Double

-1.7e308 to +1.7e308

8

%lf

Long double

-1.7e4932 to +1.7e4932

10

%



Summary of C Types :

  • Constructed from primitive types that correspond to processor types
  • char, int, float, double, pointers
  • Structure and union aggregate heterogeneous objects
  • The matrices build sequences of identical objects
  • Alignment limitations ensured by the compiler
  • Multidimensional matrices
  • Three storage classes -
  1. global, static (address set at the time of compilation)
  2. automatic (stacked)
  3. heap (provided by calls in the malloc () and free () library)
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