Introduction
What is a computer?
The term computer is employed to explain a tool made from electronic and electro-mechanical components. The computer itself cannot perform any task and is mentioned as hardware.
A computer system consists of three elements.
- Hardware
- Software
- People
Hardware : The physical components which you'll see, touch and feel within the computing system are called hardware eg monitor, keyboard, mouse etc.
Software : Software is employed to explain the instructions that tells the pc the way to perform a task. Software is categorized
Software : Software is employed to explain the instructions that tells the pc the way to perform a task. Software is categorized
System softwares ( eg . operating systems, compilers, editors etc)
Application softwares ( MS-word, excel, accounting packages etc)
People : people that operate the pc and also create computer software instructions.
Computer hardwares :
Basic components during a computing system are central processing unit (CPU), memory, the data input device and output device.
Computer systems : Micros, Minis and Mainframes.
Micro computer :
Application softwares ( MS-word, excel, accounting packages etc)
People : people that operate the pc and also create computer software instructions.
Computer hardwares :
Basic components during a computing system are central processing unit (CPU), memory, the data input device and output device.
Computer systems : Micros, Minis and Mainframes.
Micro computer :
Micro computer is additionally called as pc or PC. It has a processor supported one chip . Personal computers are available three different physical sizes, pocket pc’s, lap pc’s and desktop pc’s. Pocket pc’s and lap pc’s belong to portable category. Microcomputer is used in small businesses.
Examples : IBM compatible or IBM clone and Apple Macintosh systems.
Multiuser microcomputers:
Examples : IBM compatible or IBM clone and Apple Macintosh systems.
Multiuser microcomputers:
Until recently microcomputers were personal computers for individual use only. But now days several microcomputers are often networked together for simultaneous employed by several people.
Mini computers:
Mini computers:
Mini computer is just alittle mainframe . It is a reduced version of mainframe. Attached printers are not so fast. So it's less storage capacity less processing speed of that of mainframe computers. They are usually used by small businesses. For example research groups, engineering firms, colleges etc. use mini computers.
Mainframe computers:
Mainframe computers:
A mainframe may be a large expensive machine whose processing speed is extremely high and has great deal of auxiliary storage and fast printers. A large mainframe could also be wont to meet the info processing requirements of the whole organization.
Examples: airline booking systems, Railway booking systems , weather forecast etc.
System types -
We can classify systems into the subsequent categories :
This gives us two basic system types or classes of hardware :
Components :
Examples: airline booking systems, Railway booking systems , weather forecast etc.
System types -
We can classify systems into the subsequent categories :
- 8-bit, example : 8085 microprocessor
- 16-bit, example : 8086, 286, 386 processor
- 32-bit , example : 48
- 64-bit, example : Pentium - II
This gives us two basic system types or classes of hardware :
- 8-bit ( PC/XT) class systems
- 16/32/64 (AT) class systems
Components :
PC stands for private computers, XT stands for eXTended PC, and AT stands for an advance technology PC.
The XT basically was a PC system that included a tough disk for storage additionally to the floppy drive found within the basic PC system. These systems has an 8-bit processor and an 8-bit INDUSTRY STANDARD ARCHITECTURE (ISA) bus for system expansion. Bus is that the name given to expansion slots during which additional connect circuit card are often installed.
16-bit and greater systems are said to be AT class. 16-bit (and latter 32 and 64 bit) processors and expansion slots are included. The first AT class systems had a 16-bit version of the ISA bus which is an extension of the first 8-bit ISA bus found within the PC/XT class systems. Afterwards several expansion slots were developed for AT class systems.
Example :
16/32 bit PS/2 microchannel architecture (MCA) bus.
16-bit PC card (PCMCIA) bus
16 bit ISA bus
16/32 bit Extended ISA(EISA) bus
32/64 - bit card Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus.
The easiest thanks to identify a PC/XT system is by the 8-bit ISA expansion slots no matter the processor present within the system. AT systems are often similarly identified by having 16-bit of greater slots of any type (ISA, EISA, PCI) slots.
System components :
Component needed to assemble a basic modern PC system :
- Motherboard
- Processor
- Memory (Primary)
- Hard disk
- CD-ROM
- Floppy Drive
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Monitor
- Power Supply
- Cabinet
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